The story of the 28 gauge begins in Britain in the late 1800s. Eley Brothers were one of the first to manufacture the 28 gauge shell, and it wasn’t long before it crossed the Atlantic. By 1905, Parker Bros introduced the gauge to American hunters with their hammerless side-by-side shotguns. From there, its popularity steadily grew. While it was initially overshadowed by the 12 and 20 gauge, the 28 gauge found new life with the introduction of smokeless powder and modern shotcups.
Despite the limited availability of 28ga ammo and shotgun models, the 28 gauge has quietly cultivated a loyal fan base. Hunters and shooters swear by its unique combination of properties. In this post, we’re going to explore what makes a 28 gauge shotgun unique and how to choose the right load for the game you pursue.
Is the 28-Gauge Gaining Popularity?
The 28-gauge is definitely making a comeback. Recent surveys show that older, more experienced hunters and shooters are gravitating toward it for upland game, with side-by-side 28 gauge shotguns being more popular than over/under models. At the same time, younger hunters are increasingly showing interest in the 28-gauge as well. Nearly 10% of upland hunters rank the 28-gauge as their go-to option, making it the fourth most popular choice—outpacing the .410 but still trailing the 20- and 16-gauge. This resurgence is largely thanks to innovations in ammunition, which have significantly enhanced the 28-gauge’s performance in the field.
What Makes the 28 Gauge Special?
At first glance, the 28-gauge may appear too modest. It carries fewer pellets than a 12- or 20-gauge, and its lighter payload can make some skeptics dismiss it as a “gamble” in certain hunting situations. But numbers don’t tell the whole story. What truly sets the 28-gauge apart is its perfect balance of lightweight design, low recoil, consistent patterning, and surprisingly effective payload delivery.
Light Weight—Is a Lighter Shotgun Really Good?
One of the most celebrated features of the 28 gauge shotgun is its lightweight and slim design. We’re talking shotguns that can weigh as little as 4.5 pounds. Hunters love how naturally these shotguns point, making it easier to swing on fast-moving targets, especially in dense brush or thicket. Plus, they’re easier to carry on long hunts.
But isn’t a 5-6 pound shotgun too light to track effectively? Critics often argue that the lack of weight in 28 ga shotguns reduces swing momentum, making it harder to stay on target.
Well, light weight is a feature, not a flaw. Swing mechanics are more about a gun’s balance than its raw weight. To improve steadiness while maintaining that quick, easy handling, consider opting for longer barrel lengths (28-30 inches).
Range and Payload—Is the 28-Gauge Enough?
Critics often question whether the 28-gauge has the power to humanely take down larger birds, like pheasants, at longer ranges with lighter 3/4 oz loads. But this critique often overlooks the advancements in modern ammunition and the importance of using the right choke.
Modern shells with advanced shotcups minimize pellet deformity, which allows for tighter, more predictable patterns. Additionally, according to Bob Brister (Shotgunning: The Art and Science), the 28 gauge delivers tightly concentrated shot strings, meaning most pellets hit the target almost simultaneously, leading to cleaner kills.
It is also worth mentioning that larger gauges inherently produce “deadlier” patterns. A #6 pellet traveling at 1,200–1,300 fps from a 28-gauge hits just as hard as one fired from a 12-gauge. The difference lies in the total payload. That’s why smaller gauges like the 28 demand careful attention to ammo selection, choke choice, and an understanding of your effective range. With the right setup and a skilled hunter, the 28-gauge is more than capable of getting the job done.
Maneuverability for Close-Range Shots
For hunters working with dogs to flush quail or grouse, the 28-gauge is a favorite for its maneuverability and light recoil. In thick cover, where quick reflexes and close encounters are the norm, raw firepower takes a backseat to quick reflexes and precision. Another bonus? The smaller payload means less damaged meat.
Light Recoil
Another standout characteristic of the 28 gauge shotgun is its low recoil, making it a joy to shoot for extended periods. Despite its gentle kick, it still delivers an efficient punch when used correctly. Some say it hits as hard as a 20-gauge but feels like a .410.
Versatility in the Field
The 28 gauge has always been a trusted companion for upland bird hunting. Whether you’re chasing quail, pheasants, grouse, or doves, it’s more than up to the task within its effective range of 30 yards. Even waterfowl hunters have found success with 28 gauge shotguns when using premium bismuth or tungsten loads. You might not grab a 28 gauge for hunting turkeys or ducks at longer distances. However, for most game birds and clay target disciplines, the 28 handles with elegance and efficiency.
28 Gauge for Pheasant Hunting
28ga is great for hunting small upland birds like quails, ruffies, and doves, especially at close range. However, is 28 gauge sufficient for hunting pheasants? The answer is yes, it is, but with the right load.
Best 28ga Loads for Pheasant
A top choice among hunters is a 1 oz load of #5, #6 or #7½ nickel-plated shot. These loads strike a great balance between pellet count and the energy needed for clean kills. The nickel plating reduces pellet deformation, resulting in tighter patterns and better penetration.
FIOCCHI Golden Pheasant 28 Gauge 2.75in #5 Nickel-Plated Ammo
$34.20
Price accurate at time of writing
- Gauge: 28ga
- Length: 2¾ in
- Oz shot: 7/8
- Shot size: #5
- Muzzle velocity: 1300 fps
For early-season birds with lighter feathers, standard non-plated 1 oz #6 or #7½ loads can also perform well at ranges up to 30 yards, provided your shotgun is properly choked and patterned. However, for late-season birds with thicker plumage and added fat, or when shooting beyond 30 yards, you might want to reconsider your setup.
You may use 7/8 oz #6 or #7½ load for pheasants in tight cover and over pointing dogs where shots remain within close range.
7/8 or 1 oz #6 lead or bismuth is an option for pheasant hunting in areas with shot restrictions. Bismuth closely mimics the density of lead, making it significantly more effective than steel while remaining safe for the environment.
Which Choke for Hunting Pheasant with the 28 Gauge
Choosing the right choke is just as important as selecting the right load when hunting pheasants with a 28-gauge. Early in the season, when birds hold tighter and shots are closer, a skeet (SK) or improved cylinder (IC) choke works well for closer shots. As the season progresses and birds start flushing at greater distances, switching to a modified (MOD) choke can help extend your effective range while maintaining pattern density.
A setup of a 28ga shotgun loaded with 1 oz #6 shells and using a MOD choke often delivers consistent success on birds out to 30-35 yards. Beyond this range, pattern performance tends to drop off, which is where a larger gauge might outperform the 28.
The Ethical Range for 28 Gauge Pheasant Hunting
With a small payload, the 28-gauge is often considered ideal for shorter shots. The primary challenge that comes when you try to stretch the its range beyond 30 yards is the combination of pellet energy and pattern density. Pheasants are hardy birds, and as the distance increases, the shot spread widens and the pellet energy decreases. At 30 yards, #6 lead shot retains enough energy to penetrate feathers and bring the bird down cleanly. Beyond this, the energy drops off quickly, meaning your pattern needs to perform exceptionally well for reliable results.
If you’re looking to extend your range beyond 30 yards, you’ll need to upgrade your setup. Use a tighter choke (improved modified or full) and opt for 1 oz #5 or #6 nickel-plated or copper-plated shot. #5 shot offers slightly higher retained energy at longer distances. Always aim for the head and neck area to maximize your chances of a clean kill.
That said, it’s important to know when to pass on a shot. Birds flushing too far out or at awkward angles are better left for another opportunity. While it might be tempting to take a “Hail Mary” shot, wounding a bird is never the goal. The 28-gauge isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution. If you’re hunting wary late-season wild pheasants, opting for a 12 or 20 gauge for heavier payloads may save your dogs from chasing runners all day.
Best 28 Gauge Loads & Their Applications
28ga Ammo for Clays & Target Shooting
Standard ¾-ounce target loads are designed primarily for breaking clays. With velocities ranging from 1,200 to 1,300 fps, they’re perfect for skeet, trap, and sporting clays enthusiasts.
* Prices accurate at time of writing
28ga Ammo for Upland Hunting
For upland hunters chasing quail, doves, or woodcock, basic 3/4 oz payload works well, provided you stick to appropriate ranges. However, if you’re after pheasants, chukar, or grouse, you need a heavier load, something closer to 1 ounce or heavier for the added energy and pellet count.
* Prices accurate at time of writing
28ga Ammo for Waterfowl Hunting
While the 28-gauge has traditionally been overlooked for waterfowl, advancements in nontoxic loads like bismuth and tungsten have made it a viable option for ducks and even geese at moderate distances. It’s not a “do-it-all” solution, but in skilled hands, it’s far more versatile than many skeptics give it credit for.
Steel shot is available for the 28 gauge but is typically limited to lighter loads—like 5/8 oz—making it best suited for smaller ducks like teal or buffleheads at close range. For hunters looking to extend the 28-gauge’s range, high-density loads like TSS (Tungsten Super Shot) are a game-changer. Thanks to its incredible density, TSS can push the effective range of the 28 into territory once ruled by bigger gauges.
28ga Ammo for Turkey Hunting
TSS loads prove that the 28-gauge is no longer a “small game only” contender. These shells deliver up to 1⅜ oz of #8½ or #9 TSS at velocities near 1040 fps, making it capable of taking down tom turkeys or even larger ducks with authority.
Best 28 Gauge Shotguns
MOSSBERG Silver Reserve 28GA
$641.99
Price accurate at time of writing
- Type: Over/Under
- Action: Break Action
- Barrel length: 26"
- Chamber: 2¾ in
- Weight: 7 lbs
- Price: $840.00 MSRP
TRISTAR Bristol 28GA
$992.99
Price accurate at time of writing
- Type: Side-by-Side
- Action: Break Action
- Barrel length: 28"
- Chamber: 2¾ in
- Weight: 5.24 lbs
TRISTAR Viper G2 28GA
$653.99
Price accurate at time of writing
- Type: Semi-Auto
- Action: Gas Operated
- Barrel length: 26"
- Chamber: 2¾ in
- Weight: 5.8 lbs
CZ 628 Field Select 28GA
$557.99
Price accurate at time of writing
- Type: Pump
- Action: Pump-Action
- Barrel length: 28"
- Chamber: 2¾ in
- Weight: 5.4 lbs
- Capacity: 4+1rd
SAVAGE 555 28GA
$648.99
Price accurate at time of writing
- Type: Over/Under
- Action: Break Action
- Barrel length: 26"
- Chamber: 2¾ in
- Weight: 5.5 lbs
EAA Akkar Churchill 500 28GA
$773.99
Price accurate at time of writing
- Type: Side-by-Side
- Action: Break Action
- Barrel length: 26"
- Chamber: 3 in
- Weight: 5.5 lbs
BROWNING Citori White Lightning 28GA
- Type: Over/Under
- Action: Break Action
- Barrel length: 26-28"
- Chamber: 2¾ in / 3 in
- Weight: 6.1 lbs
- Price: $3,019.99 - $3,099.99 MSRP
BENELLI SBE3 28GA
- Type: Semi-Auto
- Action: Inertia Driven
- Barrel length: 24", 26", 28"
- Chamber: 2¾ in / 3 in
- Weight: 5.5 lbs
- Price: $1,949 - $2,149 MSRP
The Downsides (Are Manageable)
No firearm is without its limitation, and the 28 gauge gun is no exception. Ammunition can be more expensive and harder to find compared to the more common 12- and 20-gauge shells. If you shoot often, investing in reloading equipment might be worth it for long-term savings.
Some critics might call the 28 gauge a “boutique” choice, associating it with exclusivity or showmanship. But for those of us in the know, that’s just extra noise. When a gun works this well, who cares what anyone else thinks?
A 28-gauge shotgun is a smaller bore firearm than a 12 or 20 gauge but larger than a .410. It is lighter and typically best suited for smaller game and upland bird hunting.
The 28 gauge is classified as a “sub-gauge” because it has a smaller bore diameter than the standard gauges like 12 and 10, making it part of a category of lighter, smaller-caliber shotguns.
The bore size of a 28 gauge is 0.550 inches, smaller than a 20 gauge (0.615 inches) but larger than a .410 bore (0.410 inches).
It provides a lightweight, low-recoil option with tight shot patterns that work well for quail, pheasant, and other small-to-medium-sized birds.
The 28 gauge often produces even, dense shot patterns that are effective at closer ranges (up to 30-35 yards) but lack the spread or range of larger gauges. For this reason, hunters should pay close attention to choke and ammo loads for long range shots.
The 28 gauge is more versatile, offering greater shot payloads, better patterns, and improved effectiveness over the smaller .410.
The 28 gauge is lighter with lower recoil but has a smaller shot payload and shorter range. The 20 gauge offers more versatility and power, making it better for waterfowl or larger game, while the 28 gauge shines in upland bird hunting due to its lightweight design.
Leave a Reply